ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗AI is processing astronomical data at a scale impossible for human astronomers. Astrophysicists who ask the scientific questions, design the observations, and interpret the universe remain essential.
Astrophysicists study the universe — from exoplanets and black holes to galaxy formation and cosmological structure. AI is transforming the data processing and pattern recognition that underpins astronomical research.
The Rubin Observatory's LSST will generate 15 terabytes of data per night — impossible for human astronomers to process. AI transient detection, galaxy classification (Galaxy Zoo crowdsourced AI approach), and gravitational wave signal detection (AI for LIGO data) have already become essential infrastructure for modern astronomy.
But the astrophysicist who formulates the scientific question (what is the nature of dark matter?), designs the observational strategy, interprets unexpected findings, develops theoretical models of physical processes, and communicates scientific understanding — this is irreducibly human scientific inquiry.
Space exploration expansion, new observatory infrastructure (James Webb, SKA, Rubin), and growing commercial space interest are creating new demand for astrophysicists.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Astrophysicist / Astronomer will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
This question layer is generated from the job verdict, the resistance case, the regional rollout logic, and the evidence status of this page. Use the filters to focus the discussion, or trigger a random question and work through the role from multiple angles.
Safe to present as a framework-level forecast, provided the page remains labelled as interpretive and source-grounded rather than certain.
TIER 3 review queue with 6 core sources and 1 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗