ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Artisan glassblowing is a craft practised with fire, breath, and hand skill. It is experiencing a renaissance. It cannot be automated.
Artisan glassblowers work with molten glass at 1,000-1,200°C — shaping it through a combination of breath, tools, and hands to create functional and artistic glass objects. This is one of the most dramatic and demanding of traditional crafts.
Industrial glass production (float glass, blown glass bottles) is highly automated. This is irrelevant to artisan glassblowing, which exists in a completely different market segment.
The artisan glassblower creates unique or limited-edition objects — studio glass art, bespoke architectural glass, handmade tableware — where the process itself is part of the value. The unpredictability of hot glass, the physical and respiratory skill required to work with it, and the impossibility of two pieces being exactly alike are features of the craft, not limitations.
Artisan glassblowing is experiencing a renaissance: growing appreciation for craft, the experience economy (glassblowing courses), and the premium market for handmade objects are all driving demand. Heritage glass studios (Murano, Waterford) and studio glass artists command significant premiums.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Glassblower / Artisan Glassworker will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
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Keep the framework, but add at least one sector-specific source and remove any remaining implied precision.
TIER 2 review queue with 6 core sources and 1 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗