ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Marine biology is field science in one of Earth's most complex and least understood environments. AI tools expand what marine biologists can observe; humans do the science.
Marine biologists study the ocean's living organisms and ecosystems — conducting field surveys, running experiments, monitoring populations, and contributing to the understanding of the world's most biodiverse and least understood environments.
AI ocean monitoring tools are transforming marine biology: acoustic AI identifies whale species from recorded sounds, AI image recognition identifies fish species from underwater cameras, satellite AI tracks ocean surface temperatures and productivity. These tools extend what marine biologists can observe.
But marine biology is fundamentally field science: designing studies, conducting surveys at sea, collecting samples, running laboratory experiments, interpreting data in the context of ecological understanding, and contributing to the scientific literature on ocean ecosystems.
Growing urgency of ocean conservation, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, and sustainable fisheries management are creating significant demand for marine biologists. Blue carbon and marine protected area work are expanding fields.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Marine Biologist will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
This question layer is generated from the job verdict, the resistance case, the regional rollout logic, and the evidence status of this page. Use the filters to focus the discussion, or trigger a random question and work through the role from multiple angles.
Safe to present as a framework-level forecast, provided the page remains labelled as interpretive and source-grounded rather than certain.
TIER 3 review queue with 6 core sources and 1 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗