ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Quantum computing is the most frontier of all technical disciplines. It requires the best physicists and engineers in the world. AI helps with some aspects; humans do the science.
Quantum computing researchers and engineers develop the hardware and software for quantum computers — the technology that promises to revolutionise computing, materials simulation, cryptography, and optimisation. This is one of the most demanding technical disciplines in existence.
Quantum computing requires expertise at the intersection of quantum physics, computer science, materials science, and engineering. The researchers who design superconducting qubits, develop quantum error correction codes, and program quantum algorithms for specific applications are at the absolute frontier of human knowledge.
AI tools assist quantum computing research — generating hypotheses about qubit designs, optimising control pulse sequences, analysing experimental results. These tools make researchers more productive at the margins.
But the physicists who understand the quantum mechanical principles, design experimental systems, and solve the hard problems of decoherence and error correction — this is frontier science requiring the deepest human expertise. IBM, Google, IonQ, and government quantum programmes worldwide are in an intense competition for qualified quantum researchers.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Quantum Computing Researcher / Engineer will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
This question layer is generated from the job verdict, the resistance case, the regional rollout logic, and the evidence status of this page. Use the filters to focus the discussion, or trigger a random question and work through the role from multiple angles.
Replace broad inference with occupation-specific literature, regulators, labour statistics, or professional-body evidence before publication-grade use.
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This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗